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Cyber Resilience Act for machine builders: who it affects and what to do
Cybersecurity Automation Industry 4.0

Cyber Resilience Act for machine builders: who it affects and what to do

EU Regulation 2024/2847 introduces cybersecurity obligations for products with digital elements. For industrial machine builders the topic is far from abstract: it covers PLCs, HMIs, gateways, connected sensors and the software that ships with them.

24 March 2026 | 15 min read | by Castelluccio Francesco
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OPC UA on the plant floor: real benefits and security implications
Automation Networks Cybersecurity Industry 4.0

OPC UA on the plant floor: real benefits and security implications

Practical differences between OPC DA and OPC UA, client/server and pub/sub communication models, certificate-based security, firewall and segmentation impact, and real adoption limits on existing plants.

17 March 2026 | 13 min read | by Castelluccio Francesco
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OT backup and disaster recovery: what to actually save in a Siemens plant
Siemens Automation PLC Guide

OT backup and disaster recovery: what to actually save in a Siemens plant

A technical guide on what to include in backups for a Siemens-based plant, how to structure OT disaster recovery, and which mistakes to avoid so you can actually recover after a failure or incident.

10 March 2026 | 14 min read | by Castelluccio Francesco
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Hardening an engineering station running TIA Portal
Cybersecurity Siemens Automation Guide

Hardening an engineering station running TIA Portal

How to properly secure a TIA Portal engineering workstation: OS hardening, user management, project protection, application whitelisting, patch management, PLC access control, and backup.

3 March 2026 | 16 min read | by Castelluccio Francesco
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Secure remote access to industrial plants: common mistakes and proper architecture
Cybersecurity Networks Automation Guide

Secure remote access to industrial plants: common mistakes and proper architecture

How remote access to industrial plants actually works in practice, which mistakes keep showing up, and how to build an access architecture that is manageable, traceable and compatible with OT operations.

24 February 2026 | 16 min read | by Castelluccio Francesco
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OT network segmentation: how to separate PLCs, HMIs, SCADA and maintenance access
Networks Cybersecurity Automation Guide

OT network segmentation: how to separate PLCs, HMIs, SCADA and maintenance access

A technical guide to industrial network segmentation: zones, conduits, DMZ, PLC/HMI/SCADA traffic separation and maintenance access management in real plants.

17 February 2026 | 17 min read | by Castelluccio Francesco
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IEC 62443 explained for system integrators and OEMs
Cybersecurity Automation Industry 4.0 Guide

IEC 62443 explained for system integrators and OEMs

A technical guide to the IEC 62443 series: structure of parts 1-x through 4-x, Security Levels, zones and conduits, roles of asset owner, integrator and vendor, and what it means in practice for those who design and deliver industrial systems.

10 February 2026 | 17 min read | by Castelluccio Francesco
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NIS2 for OT: a practical checklist for industrial plants
Cybersecurity Automation Industry 4.0 Networks

NIS2 for OT: a practical checklist for industrial plants

A practical guide to what NIS2 really requires in OT and which priority controls to implement across PLCs, HMIs, SCADA, engineering workstations and remote access.

3 February 2026 | 10 min read | by Castelluccio Francesco
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TIA Portal V21: verified new features of the latest Siemens release
PLC Siemens Automation News Industry 4.0

TIA Portal V21: verified new features of the latest Siemens release

A verified overview of TIA Portal V21: SIMATIC SD and Git-oriented workflows, engineering change tracking, new STEP 7 and Safety features, S7-1200 G2 support, WinCC Unified Redundancy and Data Hub.

27 January 2026 | 8 min read | by Castelluccio Francesco
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Git and TIA Portal: a practical, verified guide to PLC project version control
PLC Siemens Automation Guide Software git tia-portal

Git and TIA Portal: a practical, verified guide to PLC project version control

How to use Git with TIA Portal correctly: Version Control Interface, workspaces, SIMATIC SD, real limitations, and links to official Siemens manuals.

20 January 2026 | 10 min read | by Castelluccio Francesco
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